My name is Donald Sexton I served four years as a Marine Helicopter Crew Chief in Vietnam. I was discharged from USMC military service with five areas of my brain severely damaged by excessive stress hormones adrenaline and cortisol. Scientific facts to fully recover from PTSD not fully disclosed. Every person should honorably demand this scientifically proven life saving information be applied correctly and thousands of lives can be saved.
Excessive stress causes adrenaline and cortisol release, and seriously damages five
areas of the human brain, causing mental disorders. The Hippocampus, Amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Cingulate Gyrus and Basil Ganglia are severely damaged. Monumentally and solidly proven in brain scans universally, and clearly proves these scientifically established facts.
Excessive stress causes adrenaline and cortisol release, and seriously damages five
areas of the human brain, causing mental disorders. The Hippocampus, Amygdala, Prefrontal Cortex, Cingulate Gyrus and Basil Ganglia are severely damaged. Monumentally and solidly proven in brain scans universally, and clearly proves these scientifically established facts.
Professor Adrian Raine explains that antisocial personalities are caused by excessive stress hormones. Impulsiveness, aggression and lack of empathy or remorse often become the behavioral norm. These people on average have a 11% reduction (cell death) in the prefrontal cortex.
Doctor Frank Ochberg also states that excessive cortisol is responsible for cell death in the anterior cingulate gyrus, responsible for empathy for others. He say's brain scans show the Anterior Cingulate Gyrus is damaged, (brain cell death) in many PTSD victims.
Amygdala, Medial Prefrontal Cortex, and Hippocampal function in PTSD
LISA M. SHIN, SCOTT L. RAUCH, AND ROGER K. PITMAN Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
In summary, there is evidence for structural, neurochemical, and functional abnormalities in medial prefrontal cortex, including anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus, in PTSD, is scientifically established.
Evidence: The last decade of neuroimaging research has yielded important information concerning the structure, neurochemistry, and function of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neuroimaging research reviewed in this article reveals heightened amygdala responsivity in PTSD during symptomatic states, and during the processing of trauma-unrelated affective information. Importantly, amygdala responsivity is positively associated with symptom severity in PTSD. In contrast, medial prefrontal cortex appears to be volumetrically smaller and is hyporesponsive during symptomatic states and the performance of emotional cognitive tasks in PTSD. Medial prefrontal cortex responsivity is inversely associated with PTSD symptom severity. Lastly, the reviewed research suggests diminished volumes, neuronal integrity, and functional integrity of hippocampus in PTSD.
What also Happens when the Amygdala is activated to frequently
Damage to Brain's Decision-Making Area May Encourage Dicey Gambles Individuals with amygdala damage are more likely to lay a risky bet. Most people would not gamble their savings, according to Benedetto De Martino of California Institute of Technology, author of a study published February 8 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. People tend to choose avoiding losses over acquiring gains—a behavior known as loss-aversion.
But people with damage to the amygdala—an almond-shaped part of the brain involved in emotion and decision-making—are more likely to take bigger risks with smaller potential gains, De Martino's study found. Two women with bilateral amygdala damage showed a dramatic reduction in loss aversion compared with age-matched control subjects on a series of experimental gambles, despite understanding full well the values and risks involved.
De Martino already suspected that the amygdala was crucial for loss-aversion based on earlier studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In some cases, they chose to gamble even when the potential losses outweighed the potential gains.
Google biography of Audie Murphy, highly decorated World War two veteran. He gambled his millions earned in movie productions, and had all of the PTSD symptoms in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, the lawfully mandated requirement for rating PTSD severity and Monetary compensation awards.
LISA M. SHIN, SCOTT L. RAUCH, AND ROGER K. PITMAN Department of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital–Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
In summary, there is evidence for structural, neurochemical, and functional abnormalities in medial prefrontal cortex, including anterior cingulate and medial frontal gyrus, in PTSD, is scientifically established.
Evidence: The last decade of neuroimaging research has yielded important information concerning the structure, neurochemistry, and function of the amygdala, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neuroimaging research reviewed in this article reveals heightened amygdala responsivity in PTSD during symptomatic states, and during the processing of trauma-unrelated affective information. Importantly, amygdala responsivity is positively associated with symptom severity in PTSD. In contrast, medial prefrontal cortex appears to be volumetrically smaller and is hyporesponsive during symptomatic states and the performance of emotional cognitive tasks in PTSD. Medial prefrontal cortex responsivity is inversely associated with PTSD symptom severity. Lastly, the reviewed research suggests diminished volumes, neuronal integrity, and functional integrity of hippocampus in PTSD.
What also Happens when the Amygdala is activated to frequently
Damage to Brain's Decision-Making Area May Encourage Dicey Gambles Individuals with amygdala damage are more likely to lay a risky bet. Most people would not gamble their savings, according to Benedetto De Martino of California Institute of Technology, author of a study published February 8 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. People tend to choose avoiding losses over acquiring gains—a behavior known as loss-aversion.
But people with damage to the amygdala—an almond-shaped part of the brain involved in emotion and decision-making—are more likely to take bigger risks with smaller potential gains, De Martino's study found. Two women with bilateral amygdala damage showed a dramatic reduction in loss aversion compared with age-matched control subjects on a series of experimental gambles, despite understanding full well the values and risks involved.
De Martino already suspected that the amygdala was crucial for loss-aversion based on earlier studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In some cases, they chose to gamble even when the potential losses outweighed the potential gains.
Google biography of Audie Murphy, highly decorated World War two veteran. He gambled his millions earned in movie productions, and had all of the PTSD symptoms in the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, the lawfully mandated requirement for rating PTSD severity and Monetary compensation awards.